It is well known that salinization highph has been considered as a major environmental threat to agricultural systems. Only a few studies were investigating salinity stress of wheat plants at germination stage, seedling stage, and, furthermore, under field conditions. Heat stress is a constant threat to crop outputs in different areas hall, 2001. Chlorophyll fluorescence as criterion for the diagnosis. Impact of salt stress on five varieties of wheattriticum. Soil salinity is an important stress affecting irrigated crops in many areas of california. Shortterm exposure of maize plants to salt stress influences plant growth owing to osmotic stress in the first phase of salt stress sumer et al. Effect of auxin and salt stress nacl on seed germination of wheat cultivars triticum aestivum l. Images were captured by a hyperspectral camera pika ii, resonon under natural light condition one day after salt application when there were no visual symptoms in wheat plants. Considering iran as one of the bread wheat origins, we sequenced root transcriptome of an iranian salt tolerant cultivar, arg, under salt stress to extend our knowledge of the molecular basis of salinity tolerance in triticum aestivum.
Gholamali akbari, seyed ali mohammad modarres sanavy and saeed yousefzadeh, 2007. The salt stress responses of wheatbarley addition lines 2h, 3h, 3hs, 4h, 6h, 7h and 7hl were compared to those of the parental genotypes wheat cv. Pdf salinity stress can be mitigated by using the physiological seed enhancements. Study the effect of salt stress on morphomolecular. Plants vary enormously in resistance to salt stress, as seen in their diverse development reactions. Thus, a better understanding of these mechanisms and processes would help in the breeding programmes to enhance wheat production under salt stress. Maize seeds were germinated on moistened filter paper. Wheat est resources for functional genomics of abiotic stress. Multidimensional evaluation of response to salt stress in wheat. Salinity is a major abiotic stress that reduces the grain output worldwide.
Salt, cold, and drought stress on einkorn and bread wheat during germination article pdf available march 2019 with 141 reads how we measure reads. Our results showed that exogenous 20e was able to significantly alleviate salt induced oxidative damage in wheat seedlings. Pdf physiological enhancements for alleviation of salt. Transcriptome response of roots to salt stress in a. Germination vigor decreased with increasing salt but it was interesting that the rate of decreasing from 10 dsm to 15 msm was much lower than 5 to 10 dsm table 3. Ascorbic acid application improves salinity stress. Inqalab, a pot experiment was conducted in the wirehouse of the department of soil science, sindh agriculture university tando jam. Salt stress is one of the major adverse environmental factors limiting crop productivity.
However, shoot fresh and dry weights of both lines were appreciably increased due to exogenous application of salicylic acid under both stressful 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 shoot f. Evolution of physiological responses to salt stress in. Salinity tolerance in egyptian spring wheat genotypes. However, the sequence of the wheat genome has not been completely characterized due to its complexity and large size. In addition to the effects of osmotic stress, apparently other factors could also be implicated in regulating stomatal function under salt stress 7. Pdf salt, cold, and drought stress on einkorn and bread. Comparative metabolic responses and adaptive strategies of. Salt stress tolerance and antioxidative mechanisms in wheat. Five strains sl3, sl32, sl35, j8w and pu62 growing well in 20% nacl concentrations were further characterized for multiple plant growth promoting traits such as indole. Four wheat lines were assayed in a hydroponic system with control and salt treatments 0 and 200 mm nacl. Alleviation of adverse effects of salt stress in wheat.
After four weeks when sufficient callus mass was formed it was placed on ms2 media supplemented with varying concentrations of nacl 0, 5, 10, and 15 gl. To circumvent this obstacle and identify genes involved in cold acclimation and associated stresses, a large scale est sequencing approach was undertaken by the functional genomics of abiotic. Soil salinity affects a large and increasing amount of arable land worldwide, and genetic and agronomic solutions to increasing salt tolerance are urgently needed. Growth and stomatal responses of bread wheat genotypes in.
Here, we demonstrate a carotenoid producing halotolerant pgpr dietzia natronolimnaea str1 protecting. Spraying of ascobin in the rate of 200, 400 and 600 mgl twice at 30 and 45 days from sowing. Salinity cause both osmotic stress and ionic toxicity which hamper the plant productivity by inhibiting. The greater part of the generally utilized crops is delicate to salt stress flowers and colmer, 2008. Transcriptome response of roots to salt stress in a salinity. Studies on other cereals like barley and wheat under field conditions have also reported genetic variability in gy and. Comparative transcriptome analysis of inoculated and uninoculated wheat roots under salt stress showed upregulation of 152 genes. Salt stress increases content and size of glutenin. The impact of salt stress under different salinity level 0,25,50,75,100,125,150 mm nacl on five varieties of wheat viz. Multidimensional evaluation of response to salt stress in. High salt concentration in soils decreases wheat leaf water potential, turgor. Seedpriming with salicylic acid sa enhanced moisture content, antioxidant activity and total chlorophyll content in wheat under drought stress 7. The effect of salt stress on the germination of maize zea mays l. Physiological enhancements for alleviation of salt stress in wheat.
All the five halotolerant strains were able to significantly promote the growth of wheat seedlings in the presence of salt. Too little progress has been madeinimproving salt tolerance of crops. Furthermore, wheat seedlings also reduce its growth. The primary goal of this study was to quantitatively rank salt tolerance in wheat using hyperspectral imaging. Wheat total 50% effects of salt stress on moisture contents of selected varieties of t. Comparative effect of salinity on growth, grain yield, water. After 3 weeks of salt treatment, clipper ceased growing whereas sahara resumed growth similar to the control plants. Salinity stress has significant adverse effects on crop productivity and yield. Pdf approaches to enhance salt stress tolerance in wheat. Identification and characterization of salt tolerance of.
High concentration of salt in the soil or in the irrigation water can have a overwhelming effect on plant metabolism, disrupting cellular homeostasis and uncoupling major physiological and biochemical processes. Pdf mitigation of salinity stress in wheat triticum aestivum l. Wheat, the extensively grown crop in the world, has suffered from severe salt stress resulting in low grain yield and poor quality asseng et al. Effect of salinity on grain yield and quality of wheat and. Approaches to enhance salt stress tolerance in wheat intechopen. A novel approach to assess salt stress tolerance in wheat using. Evaluation of wheat varieties to salt stress nacl for. A model is proposed for salt stress response in arg cultivar employing the degs fig 7 s15 table and. Lesch abstract salt tolerance of wheat triticum aestivum l. Salt tolerance of two wheat genotypes in response to the form of. Differing metabolic responses to salt stress in wheatbarley. Ascorbic acid application improves salinity stress tolerance. Diagnosis salt stress in wheat triticum aestivum plants s international journal of chemical and biological engineering 3. In addition, exogenous application of asa mitigates water deficit stress and improves nutrient uptake, root and shoot growth, and also reduces oxidative damage induced by different environmental stresses in plants 7.
Salinity tolerance in plant strategies for crop improvement pp. Overall the all the seeds were germinated in control and treatment conditions. Growth and stomatal responses of bread wheat genotypes. Transcriptome analysis of saltstress response in three. Wheat is consumed as a staple food by more than 36% of world population. All grew well at 5% nacl, but only 25% isolates showed growth at 20% nacl concentration. Alleviation of salinityinduced oxidative stress, improvement. Present study was carried out to study the effect of salt stress on morphomolecular characters of wheat genotypes. The soil was artificially salinized to a range of salinity levels i. Salinity effect of stress on germination of wheat cultivars 265 cultivars. This stress is often exacerbated during drought years. Salt stress decreased plant height, root length, biomass and chl content, and these stress effects were alleviated by exogenous pro application. The international journal of biological research, 2018, 1, 69 publication license this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution 4.
Pdf promoting salt tolerance in wheat seedlings by. Transcriptome profiling of abiotic responses to heat, cold. These two osmolytes being exclusively present in the cytoplasm, which occupies less than 10% of cell volume, can significantly increase the osmotic pressure balancing the vacuolar. Over time, salts can accumulate in the soils as crops extract water leaving the salts behind in the root zone. Bread wheat with high salinity and sodicity tolerance. Storage protein in grains is one of the most important components determining the processing quality of wheat flour dupont et al. The moisture content data were recorded which showed the dependent activity. These metabolites showed the capacity to enhance the plants growth, yield as well as stress tolerance. Hyperspectral images were captured one day after salt application when there were no. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria pgpr hold promising future for sustainable agriculture. Salt stress tolerance and antioxidative mechanisms in wheat plants triticum durum l. Salinityinduced osmotic, ionic and oxidative stress responses were investigated on asakazemanas wheatbarley addition lines 7h, 7hl and 7hs, together with their barley salttolerant and wheat relatively saltsensitive parents. Effects of different salinity levels on germination index.
Metabolic responses to salt stress of barley hordeum vulgare. Images were captured by a hyperspectral camera pika ii, resonon under natural light condition one day after salt application when there were no visual symptoms in wheat. Pdf responses of wheat genotypes to salt stress in relation. Pdf high salt stress in wheat leaves causes retardation. The effect of salt stress on the germination of maize zea. Abstract wheat is a major food crop in pakistan which is a good. For this the total of fifteen varieties were collected, to evaluate the genetic diversity under the normal field condition and the effect of salt. Soil salinisation and salt stress in crop production intechopen. Interactive effect of foliar applied ascorbic acid and. In order to study the effect of salts stress on the growth and yield of wheat cv. Germination time dramatically increased with salt stress. Under control conditions, only ph was showing moderate correlation to length of.
Many stressed individuals eat poorly because they do not have time to find healthy ways to replenish their bodies or crave and desire junk food during stressful experiences. Antioxidants, enzymes or nonenzymes, have the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen. Bread wheat responds salt stress better than einkorn wheat. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between salt stress and alkali stress in metabolic profiles and nutrient accumulation of wheat. Responses of wheat genotypes to salt stress in relation to germination and seedling growth article pdf available december 20 with 1,381 reads how we measure reads. To avoid stress food traps, consider these healthy eating recommendations. All datasets for this study are included in the manuscriptsupplementary files. Rice crop is considered as the most sensitive among various cereal crops fig. Hyperspectral image dataset for salt stress phenotyping of wheat. We found that salt treatment induces an increase in cytosolic ph only in the more tolerant cultivar and that an extra calcium supply during. During initial exposure to salinity, plants experience. The salt components of salt mixture are shown intable 1. More than 800 million hectares of land are damaged by salt globally, the area of salt affected arable soil increases yearly due to the trace amounts of sodium chloride nacl from irrigation water, and rising water tables due to nonsustainable irrigation practices in some regions and dryland. The effect of salts stress on number of spikelets spike.
Effect of salts stress on the growth and yield of wheat. Metabolic responses to salt stress are described for two barley hordeum vulgare l. Germination of primed seed under nacl stress in wheat. Effect of auxin and salt stress nacl on seed germination of. Performing real time rtpcr experiments on wheat plants transformed with the fusion prtdpip2. Considering the devastating effect of salt stress on plants, one of the important tasks for plant biologists is to explore the approaches that are able to develop salt tolerance in crop plants. The objective of the investigation is to determine the effect of 20e on the growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics and the transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes of wheat seedlings under salt stress. Multidimensional evaluation of response to salt stress in wheat ncbi. Elhannawy ma 1996 salt tolerance in wheat using tissue culture techniques.
One reason is that, despite significant progress in the development of an understanding of the effects of salt stress, there are still many unanswered questions concerning the primary stress signals and the morphological and physiological changes that ensue. The dataset contains hyperspectral images of four wheat lines, each with a control and a salt nacl treatment. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the transcriptome changes of an iranian salt tolerant bread wheat cultivar, arg, under salt stress, which can help understanding the molecular basis of salinity tolerance in t. Variation in response to salt stress at seedling and maturity. The downregulation of tahkt2 in salt tolerant wheat genotypes has been reported to confer tolerance to salt stress singh et al. The decreased shoot length was recorded at increasing level of nacl concentration table 3. The response of wheat to salt stress is genetically and physiologically controlled and may differ from one growth stage to another. Compared with wildtype plants, tacipk23overexpression wheat and arabidopsis showed an higher. Seeds of 20 wheat genotypes were germinated in petri dishes on a sand bed irrigated with saline 15 ds m1 and control solutions for 10 days and also tested at different salinity levels control, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ds m1 which. The salt type used in irrigation was mainly the chloride mixture suggested by 12. Salt stress 150, 200, 250 and 300 mm was imposed to in vitro rice shoot apices cultures of two malaysian rice cultivars mr 220 and mr 253.
The reduction of the number of tillers in wheat under salt stress have been previously reported by elhendawy 2005 and goudarzi et al. Wheat is an excellent species to study freezing tolerance and other abiotic stresses. Tanaka united states department of agriculture, agricultura1 research service, western regional research center. Manas and two other wheat genotypes chinese spring cs and mv9kr1 during germination and in young plants grown in hydroponic culture with or without salt treatment. The potential for increasing wheat yields by restricting tillering was demonstrated in field trials by islam and sedgley 1981. Salinity effect of stress on germination of wheat cultivars. Oxidative stress tolerance is genetically controlled. Promoting salt tolerance in wheat seedlings by application of nitrogen fertilizer article pdf available in pakistan journal of botany 516 june 2019 with 63 reads how we measure reads. Different approaches have been adopted to improve plant performance under salt stress. The number of leaves and the leaf length were less affected by salt stress with a reduction of 19 and 22%, respectively, as compared with the control. Effect of salt stress on germin gene expression in barley roots.
Jan 11, 20 eighty four halotolerant bacterial strains were isolated from the saline habitats and screened for growth at different nacl concentrations. An experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design of four replications for germination indices in wheat salt stress under different salinity level 0,25,50,75,100,125,150 mm nacl on five varieties of wheat viz. The data showed that different level of salinity significantly affected the growth attributes by reducing root and shoot length. Screening of wheat genotypes as salt tolerance through seed germination and early seedling growth is crucial for their evaluation. Rice is often subjected to salinity in a project on salt stress in wheat we have compared 2 cultivars differing in sensitivity to this stress. Seedpriming has been found to increase tolerance against abiotic stresses, including, chilling, salinity, drought and heavy metals, in different plant varieties 5,6. The effects of salinity on growth and yield components of wheat at different stages of growth were determined in a 2yr field plot study at brawley, ca.
Salt stress tolerance and antioxidative mechanisms in. Salt stress response of wheatbarley addition lines carrying. Soil salinity is a major threat to crop production worldwide. Additionally, under salt stress conditions, plants had on average 18% reduced plant height as compared to control conditions. As in the case of water stress under mediterranean conditions, the genotypic tolerance of tunisian durum wheat was associated with a lower i. Investigating the difference of salt tolerance determinants in contrasting bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Metabolic responses to salt stress of barley hordeum. Hyperspectral image dataset for salt stress phenotyping of. Wheat provides nearly 55% of the carbohydrates and 20% of the food calories consumed globally. Comparative transcriptome analysis of inoculated and uninoculated wheat roots under salt stress showed upregulation of 152 genes whereas 5 genes were significantly downregulated. Salt stress lessens the development of leaves, the stomata close and. Soil salinity and sodicity severely constrain crop production in australia. Salt tolerance improvement in some wheat cultivars after application.
Mitigation of salt stress in wheat seedlings by halotolerant. Among them the variety hd 2967 shows a good response under salts stress. The recently developed cultivars form a much diversed genetic base and may therefore possess a wider range of salts stress tolerance. The presence of nacl, in the media resulted in necrosis of cells and its intensity increased with increase in salt concentration. Jan, 2020 the combined additional files and information generating. Differing metabolic responses to salt stress in wheat. Low correlation was detected for most morphological parameters measured in field trials under controlled and salt stress conditions. Salt stress affects growth and development of maize.
The reduction in growth and yield varies between cultivars and salt concentrations of the medium 10. Germination characters and early seedling growth of wheat. The productivity of wheat is often adversely affected by salt stress which is associated with decreased germination percentage, reduced growth, altered reproductive behavior, altered enzymatic activity, disrupted photosynthesis. Data that relate tiller productivity to soil salinity levels are also essential for development of growth simulation models that predict response to salt stress. Under the effect of salt stress, the seeds starts germinated after 48 hrs. Wheat cipk23, isolated from wheat drought transcriptome data set, was induced by multiple abiotic stresses, including drought, salt, and abscisic acid aba. Transcriptional responses of wheat roots inoculated with. Salt stress caused a significant reduction in shoot fresh and dry weights of both sunflower lines fig 1. As mentioned above, in durum wheat the main protective compounds against salt stress accumulated in leaves at low light are proline and gb carillo et al.
1022 1024 877 34 399 1489 669 1200 1148 1519 1239 18 735 1513 1268 890 383 474 1161 34 611 329 1518 1067 782 1050 522 243 561 1064 517 999 140 1382 304 23 970 279 788 527 1239